Why Does Lymphoedema Happen After Orthopaedic Surgery?
When we think of lymphoedema, cancer treatment often comes to mind. But it can also happen after orthopaedic surgery—such as a knee replacement, hip operation, or spinal procedure. If you’re noticing swollen legs after an operation, a feeling of heaviness, or tightness in the limb, it might be more than just standard recovery. It could be lymphoedema.
In this post, we’ll explore why lymphoedema can develop after surgery, what symptoms to look out for, and how to manage it with safe, effective treatments like manual lymphatic drainage (MLD)—always delivered by a qualified professional.
What Is Lymphoedema?
Lymphoedema is a type of chronic swelling that happens when the lymphatic system (your body’s internal “waste drainage” system) becomes sluggish or blocked. It typically affects the arms or legs but can also appear in other areas.
When caused by surgery or trauma, it’s referred to as secondary lymphoedema. In the case of orthopaedic procedures, this can happen weeks or even months after your operation.
Why It Happens After Orthopaedic Surgery
Orthopaedic surgeries often involve joints, bones, and surrounding soft tissues. Even with careful techniques, some impact on the lymphatic system is possible. Here’s how that can lead to post-surgical swelling:
1. Damage to Lymphatic Vessels
Procedures like hip or knee replacements can disrupt small lymphatic vessels. When these vessels are cut or compressed, lymphatic fluid may start to build up instead of flowing freely.
2. Inflammation After Surgery
Some swelling is normal after surgery due to inflammation. But if the inflammation is intense or long-lasting, it can overload the lymphatic system—especially in people with existing circulation or lymphatic issues.
3. Limited Mobility
During recovery, movement may be restricted. This affects the natural pumping action of your muscles, which normally helps lymph fluid move around. Without it, post-op swelling may increase—particularly in the legs.
4. Scar Tissue and Adhesions
Scar tissue can sometimes block or compress lymphatic pathways, especially if healing is uneven or slow. This can make your lymphoedema more stubborn.
5. Use of Tourniquets
Tourniquets used during orthopaedic surgeries to control bleeding can temporarily restrict lymph and blood flow. If this pressure is prolonged, it might lead to complications later.
Who’s at Risk?
You’re more likely to develop lymphoedema after orthopaedic surgery if:
- You’ve had multiple surgeries in the same area
- You have a history of poor circulation or venous insufficiency
- You experience infection after surgery (like cellulitis)
- You’re less mobile during recovery
- You have a previous history of swelling or lymphatic issues
Symptoms to Watch Out For
Some people experience symptoms soon after surgery, while for others it may be delayed. Look out for:
- Swollen legs after surgery, or puffiness that lingers
- A feeling of heaviness, tightness, or tingling in the limb
- Skin changes like thickening, hardening, or dryness
- Recurring infections in the same area
If these symptoms sound familiar, don’t wait, early intervention is key!
How to Treat and Manage It
Lymphoedema doesn’t go away on its own, but it can be effectively managed. Some of the best options include:
- Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD): A gentle, hands-on therapy that encourages fluid movement.
Important: This should only be performed by a trained professional such as a certified lymphoedema therapist. General massage therapists may not have the correct training in post-surgical lymphatic care. - Compression for lymphoedema after surgery: Wearing compression garments supports the body’s natural drainage
- Lymphatic massage for swollen legs: Focused work from a qualified therapist can help shift fluid and ease pressure
- Anti-inflammatory diet and hydration: Reducing processed foods and increasing water intake can support healing
- Gentle movement: Walking, light stretching, and guided exercise boost circulation without overexertion
- Post-op recovery tips: Follow medical advice carefully—especially wound care, positioning, and activity levels
A final word…
Lymphoedema after orthopaedic surgery isn’t uncommon and it doesn’t mean anything went wrong with your operation. Your lymphatic system may just need extra support to bounce back.
With the help of a professional lymphoedema therapist in the UK or near you, symptoms can often be well managed using therapies like MLD, compression, and lifestyle support. The earlier you start, the better your chances for lasting relief and smoother recovery.
Need help with post-surgical lymphoedema?
Book a consultation with a trained lymphatic drainage therapist today — your recovery doesn’t have to be uncomfortable or overwhelming.
We hope this information is useful for you. If you need advice or have any questions about our treatments, please contact us. You can find us in Mill Hill Broadway and Islington. We are always happy to help. If you like this blog, please share!
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