Lymphoedema in cancer survivors: what you should know

Lymphoedema (a chronic swelling condition) is a common side effect after cancer treatment where the lymphatic system has been affected (removal-surgery or damage by radiation). It is possible to manage Lymphoedema in cancer survivors with tailored treatments, improving the life quality of patients. In this blog, I want to share with you the FAQ patients ask me during our treatment sessions.

What causes lymphoedema in cancer survivors

Most common reasons are:

• Cancer Surgery. Some types of cancer surgeries need to remove not only the tumor, but also the surrounding tissues and lymphatic nodes and vessels can be part of these removal; also they can be damaged during the procedure, disrupting proper lymphatic flow. Some examples are: breast or gynecological cancer in women and pelvic or prostate cancer in men, etc.
•  Radiation Therapy. Radiation destroy cancer cells, but also affects surrounding healthy tissues producing a scar. When the scar tissue affects the lymphatic system, it produces restricted flow or blockages. As a result, there will be fluid build up.
• Cancer type. Some types of cancer like breast cancer need lymph nodes removal, interrupting lymphatic flow to the affected limb.
• Overweight. Surgery can increase risk of lymphatic flow restriction.

What are lymphoedema´s symptoms? 

Symptoms of lymphoedema  in cancer survivors include:

• Swelling in the nearest limbs to the treated area.
• Sensation of fullness, heaviness, or tightness.
• Skin indentation when pressed (pitting edema in early stages).
• Pain or discomfort in the swollen area.
• Joint mobility difficulty.
• Skin changes, such as thickening, hardening, or a feeling of tightness.
• Recurring infections (such as cellulitis) in the affected limb/s.

How does lymphoedema impact patients’ quality of life?

Lymphedema can lead to significant reductions in quality of life due to physical limitations (mobility reduction, pain, discomfort, etc.) and emotional distress (stress, anxiety, social isolation). It affects daily activities and social interactions which might exacerbate symptoms. For that reason es key not only look for a holistic treatment where your general wellbeing is embraced (lymphoedema therapist, mental health support, support groups, activities that relax you, etc.)

What treatments are available for cancer survivors with lymphoedema?

Some of the available  treatments for lymphoedema in cancer survivors are:

1. CDT Complete Decongestive Therapy. It uses Manual lymphatic drainage, pumping, and compression techniques to drain your affected limb as much as possible.
2. Compression therapy. It´s the use of different compression garments/bandages/socks/ sleeves according to your needs in order to reduce swelling and future fluid build up.
3. Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD). It´s a gentle massage technique, created by Dr. Vodder, to drain excess fluid (reducing inflammation) and stimulate lymphatic and blood flow. Remember it must be performed by a lymphatic drainage specialist.
4. Exercise. Daily exercises improve your lymphatic circulation and improve your general wellbeing.
5. Skin care. Keep your skin clean, dry and hydrated to prevent infections and be more comfortable.
6. Nutrition. Avoid inflammatory food and enhance the intake of vegetables, fruits and lean proteins. 
7. Surgery. Severe cases might be considered for undergoing surgery like liposuction or lymphatic node transplant.

A final word

• All treatments should be tailored based on patient’s needs and severity of symptoms, often requiring collaboration with a healthcare team specialised in lymphoedema management.
• Preventive measures focus on early detection and lifestyle adjustments to minimize risk factors like obesity.
• While there is no cure for lymphoedema, understanding its causes and managing symptoms effectively can improve outcomes and improve the general wellbeing in cancer survivors.

We hope this information is useful for you. If you need advice or have any questions about our treatments, please contact us. You can find us in Mill Hill Broadway and Islington. We are always happy to help. If you like this blog, please share!

References:

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20cancer%2C%20the,slowly%20over%20months%20or%20yearshttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7039097/